What is Eosinophilic esophagitis?

Eosinophilic esophagitis 

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the esophagus. The cause of the disease is not understood yet but is though to be allergic reaction to food antigens. This condition is predominantly seen in young and middle-aged group population.


Associated risk factors

There are many risk factors associated with this disease which include

1.      Atopy (asthma, eczema, dermatitis)

2.      Premature delivery

3.      Genetic predisposition

4.      Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Clinical features

The presentation varies among different age-groups. In adults, it presents as: -

a)      Difficulty in swallowing solids and/or liquids

b)      Food impaction

c)      Heartburn (refractory to antacids)

d)      Chest discomfort

 

Evaluation

1.      Upper GI endoscopy with biopsy

Treatment

1.      Diet modification – Goal is to identify the triggers or food substances which the patient is allergic to by making a food diary

 

2.      Proton pump inhibitors help both in alleviating the chest discomfort and ruling out GERD as a cause of this disease

 

3.      Endoscopic dilation in case of narrowing due to rings or strictures

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